IJapan iza kuseka 'inqaba yokulawula' yolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe ngabemi bamanye amazwe
NgoJulayi 8, 2025, iNkulumbuso yaseJapan uShigeru Ishiba (石場茂, い し ば し げる, イシバシゲル) wabhengeza ukusekwa kombutho omtsha ngaphakathi kwiKhabhinethi kaNobhala, ebizwa ngokuba "yinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho eyenzekileyo kwinqaba yokulawula," kulandela iinzame zokulawula urhulumente. iveki. Eli nyathelo, elivezwe phakathi kwephulo lokhetho lwe-20 kaJulayi yeNdlu yeeKhansela, iphendula kwiinkxalabo zoluntu malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokubonwa kakubi kweenkqubo zaseJapan ngabantu bangaphandle, njengoko kuchazwe nguNobhala weKhabhinethi oyiNtloko uYoshimasa Hayashi (林芳正, はやしよしささ,ハヤシヨシマサ). UIshiba wayibethelela injongo yokukhuthaza “ibutho labantu elinocwangco nelibandakanya abantu basemzini,” enika abaphathiswa umsebenzi wokuphuhlisa amanyathelo abambekayo. Esi sibhengezo silandela ukwanda kweentetho zokuchasana nabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ezivela kumaqela amancinci alondolozayo, aphikisana nemithetho engqongqo "yokukhusela amalungelo aseJapan," ephakamisa i-alamu malunga nocalucalulo olunokubakho. IJapan, enabemi bangaphandle abamalunga ne-3.2 yezigidi (i-2.5% yabemi bebonke) ukusukela ngoDisemba ka-2024, ixhomekeke kubasebenzi bamanye amazwe ukujongana nabasebenzi bayo abalupheleyo kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, ukanti ukungazinzi koluntu kuyaqhubeka, kuphenjelelwa ngamatyala aphezulu kunye nokwandiswa kwemithombo yeendaba. Abagxeki, kubandakanywa nabahlalutyi be-intanethi, bathi amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho angaphandle (i-0.19% yezinga lokubanjwa ngo-2020) athelekiseka okanye angaphantsi kunalawo abemi baseJapan (0.15-0.2%), bebuza isiseko sobuchule beli nyathelo. Le ntshukumo ingqamana nokungavisisani kwehlabathi, kubandakanya izoyikiso zomrhumo zikaMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump, athe u-Ishiba wazibiza ngokuba “zilusizi kakhulu,” eqaqambisa ulungelelwaniso oluthambileyo lwaseJapan phakathi komgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya kunye nobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe. “Inqaba yokulawula” ijolise ekufezekiseni iimpendulo zamaziko aphakathi kodwa imingcipheko inyusa iyantlukwano ekuhlaleni, okunefuthe kunyulo lweNdlu ePhezulu yaseJapan kunye nomfanekiso walo wehlabathi njengelizwe elamkelekileyo.Umzimba (5000+ amagama)Isibhengezo sikaIshiba kunye noMongo wezoPolitiko
Isibhengezo seNkulumbuso uShigeru Ishiba sikaJulayi 8 sokuseka “inqaba yokulawula” ngaphakathi kwiKhabhinethi kaNobhala ukujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ngabemi bamazwe angaphandle kuphawula utshintsho olubalulekileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo phambi konyulo lwe-20 kaJulayi 2025, kwiNdlu ePhezulu. Ethetha kwintlanganiso yekhabhinethi, u-Ishiba uthe, "Siza kukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo eyohlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kunye nenqaba yolawulo ukuze sifezekise uluntu olucwangcisiweyo nolubandakanyayo kunye nabahlali bangaphandle." Eli nyathelo lijolise ekunxibelelaniseni iinzame kuwo wonke amasebe, aquka ezoBulungisa, ezoMfuduko, kunye ne-Arhente yeSizwe yamaPolisa (i-NPA), ukujongana nemiba efana nokuhlala ixesha elide kwee-visa, ubuqhophololo, kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko loluntu. 
Isibhengezo siphendula ukukhula kokungazinzi koluntu, okwandiswa ngamaqela amancinci alondolozayo afana noSanseito, inkokeli yakhe, uSohei Kamiya, ebanga ukuba ukusebenzelana kwehlabathi kunye nabasebenzi bangaphandle kwandisa imingeni yezoqoqosho yaseJapan. Unobhala oyiNtloko weKhabhinethi uYoshimasa Hayashi uthe, "Kukho iimeko apho abantu baziva bengakhululekanga ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kweenkqubo zaseJapan ngabahlali bamanye amazwe okanye banexhala lolwaphulo-mthetho abalwenzayo." Le rhetoric ifumene i-traction phakathi kweziganeko eziphezulu, ezifana nokuhlaselwa kwabasebenzi basemkhosini base-US e-Okinawa kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho oluqhutywa kumajelo asekuhlaleni ngamaqela angaziwayo (tokuryū). 
Abahlali bamanye amazwe kunye neeNkcukacha-manani zoLwaphulo-mthetho
IJapan ibamba malunga ne-3.2 yezigidi zabemi bamazwe angaphandle, i-2.5% ye-125.7 yezigidi zabemi ukusuka ngoDisemba 2024. Uninzi lusuka kumazwe ase-Asia, kunye namaTshayina (30%), ama-Vietnamese (15%), amaKorea (12%), kunye nabemi basePhilippines (10%) abakhokelayo, elandelwa ngabantu baseBrazil nabaseMelika. Phezu kwako nje ukubonwa kweembono, ulwaphulo-mthetho phakathi kwabantu basemzini luphantsi. Ngo-2020, amapolisa abambe abantu basemzini abayi-9,529 ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho kwi-182,582 yokubanjwa, kuphela i-0.19% yabemi bangaphandle ababanjiweyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-0.15-0.2% yabemi baseJapan. Umthetho wedolophu yaseTsurugashima uFukushima Megumi uqaphele ukuba amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho angaphandle kwi-2024 ahlala ephantsi kunabemi baseJapan, nangona ukunyuka kokufudukela kwamanye amazwe. 
I-Ofisi yoBulungisa inika ingxelo yokuba amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho akhethekileyo, afana nokuhlala ixesha elide kwe-visa, kulawula ukubanjwa kwamanye amazwe, kunye namatyala angama-5,151 ngo-2010. Ubusela nobusela buhlala bubandakanya amaqela ezizwe ngezizwe, kuquka namaJapani, ngelixa ulwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene neziyobisi lubona ukubandakanyeka okuphezulu kweBrazil (17.9%) kunye ne-Iranian (14.2%). Nangona kunjalo, ulwaphulo-mthetho lulonke lwehlile, ulwaphulo-mthetho lulonke olurekhodiweyo lwehla ukusuka kwi-2.85 yezigidi ngo-2002 ukuya kwi-915,042 ngo-2017. Izinga lokubulala ngabom eJapan, ku-0.3 kwi-100,000, liphakathi kwelizwe eliphantsi. 
Iimbono zoLuntu kunye neeNgcaciso zeXenophobia
Ukungazithembi koluntu malunga nabahlali bamanye amazwe kubangelwa ngokuyinxenye kumajelo eendaba ekwandiswa kweziganeko ezizimeleyo, ezinje ngodubulo luka-2022 Abe kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-tokuryū oluqhutywa ngamajelo eendaba. Abahlalutyi be-Intanethi bathi "inqaba yokulawula" ayinakuthetheleleka, omnye umsebenzisi weReddit esithi, "Inqanaba lolwaphulo-mthetho lwabemi bangaphandle ukuba kukho nantoni na esezantsi kunenqanaba lolwaphulo-mthetho lwelizwe laseJapan." Abagxeki baqaqambisa imiba ecwangcisiweyo, njengokuxela ngokwebala, ngabahlali abathathu bexesha elide bafaka isimangalo ngo-2024 ngokuchasene namapolisa ngokumisa okungekho mgaqo-siseko ngokusekwe kwinkangeleko. 
Iintetha zokugxeka abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ezivela kumaqela afana noSanseito, abathi abantu bangaphandle bathenga umhlaba kunye nempahla, iye yaphembelela ingxoxo yoluntu. “Ingxelo yokuba abantu basemzini babangela ubuhlwempu baseJapan ayinasiseko,” watsho umhlalutyi uSayuri Kato (加藤さゆり, かとうさゆり, カトウサユリ). Iiposti zemidiya yoluntu ku-X zibonisa iimvakalelo ezixubeneyo, abanye belincoma eli nyathelo ngokuthi "ziindaba ezimnandi" ngelixa abanye belibiza ngokuba "lucalucalulo olungenasiseko samandla." Ukufudukela eJapan kunye neeMfuno zaBasebenzi
Ukunqongophala kwabemi baseJapan kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi kufuna abasebenzi bamanye amazwe, kunye ne-40% yabaqeqeshwa bobugcisa kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono abakhethekileyo abavala izikhewu kulwakhiwo, kwezolimo, kunye nokuvelisa. UHayashi ugxininise, "iJapan kufuneka isebenzise abasebenzi bamanye amazwe ukuze ikhule kwezoqoqosho." Nangona kunjalo, iingxabano malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwentlalontle kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho ngabasebenzi basemkhosini base-US e-Okinawa, kubandakanywa namatyala angama-5,747 ukusuka kwi-1972-2011, ibangela ukungathembeki koluntu. Amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho e-Okinawa, ngama-69.7 kwi-10,000, adlula kude lawo omkhosi wase-US (27.4 nge-10,000). Inyathelo likarhulumente lihambelana namacebo onyulo, nanjengoko amaqela amancinane ephakamisa ukuchasa abantu bangaphandle. "Oku kukuthunyelwa kwezopolitiko," watsho ingcali yezoqoqosho uNoriko Hayashi (林典子, はやしのりこ, ハヤシノリコ). Unyulo lweNdlu ePhakamileyo luye lwandisa iingxoxo-mpikiswano, kunye nezalogeni ezifana ne-"Japanese First" ifumana amandla. I-'Control Tower' Framework
"Inqaba yokulawula" iya kubeka kumbindi iinzame zokujongana nokuphulwa kwe-visa, ubuqhetseba, kunye nemiba yokhuseleko loluntu, ukulungelelanisa ne-NPA, i-Arhente yeeNkonzo zokuNgena, kunye noMphathiswa wezoBulungisa. U-Ishiba unike abaphathiswa umsebenzi ngamanyathelo afana nokujikeleza okuphuculweyo kwe-cyber kunye nonyanzeliso olungqongqo lwe-visa. Amanyathelo amva nje e-NPA, aquka ibutho le-tokuryū kunye neepatroli ze-intanethi zasemva kwe-Abe, zibonisa ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqhutywa kumajelo asekuhlaleni. Umhlalutyi uYumi Nakamura (中村由美, な か む らゆみ, ナカムラユミ) uthe, "Inqaba yolawulo inokuhambisa iimpendulo kodwa imingcipheko ijolise kubantu bangaphandle ngokungafaniyo." Eli nyathelo lisenokubandakanya iinkqubo zokwabelana ngedatha kunye nokufikelela eluntwini ukujongana neenkxalabo zoluntu, nangona iinkcukacha zihlala zingacacanga. U-Hayashi waphawula imfuno "yemilinganiselo yekhonkrithi" yokulinganisa ukubandakanywa kunye nokhuseleko. Imicimbi yoMthetho namaLungelo oLuntu
Inkqubo yobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho yaseJapan, eyaziwa ngokuba “lubulungisa obubanjwayo,” ijongene nokugxekwa ngokuvalelwa ixesha elide kunye nokuvuma izono ngenkani, ngakumbi okuchaphazela abantu basemzini. IKomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo echasene noTshutshiso ngo-2013 yaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokuvuma izono ezifunyenwe ngaphandle kwamagqwetha, kwaye ityala likaCarlos Ghosn lagxininisa izenzo zokuvalelwa ngokungafanelekanga. Abaphambukeli bajongana nokujongwa okuphezulu, bengenabheyile phambi kokumangalelwa kunye nomngcipheko wokugxothwa ngenxa yamatyala amancinci. Ngo-2023, iinkqubo zokugxothwa ziphindwe kabini ukuya kwi-18,198, kunye ne-8,024 yokugxothwa. 
Ingcaphephe yezomthetho uHaruto Mori (森春人, もりはると, モリハルト) ilumkisile, “Indawo yolawulo ingenza mandundu inkqubo yenkqubo ukuba ayilawulwa ngononophelo.” I-Japan Federation of Bar Associations icele uhlaziyo lokuncinwa, iphawula ukuba kuphela yi-3% yamatyala afuna ukugocagocwa okurekhodiweyo. Umxholo weHlabathi kunye nokuTyaniswa kweRhafu yase-US
Isibhengezo “solawulo lwenqaba” singqamana noxinzelelo lwezorhwebo lwehlabathi, njengoko izoyikiso zerhafu zikaTrump, kubandakanywa nerhafu yama-25% eJapan, ixhomile. Iqela lomsebenzi lika-Ishiba likwajongana nezi ntlawulo, ezinokunyusa amaxabiso eemoto zase-US nge-$2,000-$3,000 kwaye ibize amakhaya i-$1,200 ngonyaka. Urhwebo lwaseJapan namazwe eBRICS afana neTshayina (i-153 leebhiliyoni zeerandi) lwenza nzima impendulo yalo. "Inqaba yokulawula ibonisa uxinzelelo lwasekhaya, kodwa imiceli mngeni yehlabathi yongeza ubunzima," utshilo u-Ryosei Akazawa (赤澤亮正, あ か ざ わ り ょ う せ い, ア カ ザ ワ リ ョ イ セ). Imidiya yoluntu kunye novakalelo loluntu
Izithuba kwi-X zibalaselisa iimbono ezicazululiweyo. Omnye umsebenzisi ulincome eli phulo ngokuthi “ziindaba ezimnandi” zokujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho lwamazwe angaphandle, ngelixa abanye beligxeka “njengentiyo eqhutywa lunyulo.” Iingxoxo zeReddit ziphawule ukuba amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho angaphandle asezantsi ngokwezibalo, omnye umsebenzisi esithi, “Olu lucalucalulo nje olungenambaliso.” Ingxelo yabaphambukeli njengezoyikiso iyaphikisana nemfuno yaseJapan yabasebenzi, idala ingxaki yomgaqo-nkqubo. Iziganeko zembali
Uthintelo lolwaphulo-mthetho lwase-Japan luye lwavela, ngamanyathelo afana ne-Adachi Ward “Intshukumo Entle yeeWindows” ehlisa ulwaphulo-mthetho nge-11% ukususela ngo-2008 ngobuhlakani boluntu kunye nemithetho-siseko ye-CPTED. Nangona kunjalo, ucalucalulo lwembali ngokuchasene nabantu baseKorea kunye nabanye abancinci lusaqhubeka, kunye neempawu "zaseJapan kuphela" ezichazwe kwezinye iindawo. I-yakuza, eyayikhe yagqugqisa ngamalungu angama-88,000 1990 ngowe-XNUMX, iye yala kodwa isagxininisekile, ngokungafaniyo nabemi basemzini. 
IiNgcebiso zeNgingqi kunye nezoNyulo
Unyulo lwe-Upper House luye lwandisa intetho echasene nabangaphandle, kunye no-Sanseito's Sohei Kamiya othi abantu bangaphandle bandisa ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi. “Eli bali aliyihoyi intlekele yaseJapan,” yatsho inkokeli yoshishino uTakashi Endo (遠藤隆, えんどうたかし, エンドウタカシ). Ukuthembela kweJapan kubasebenzi bamanye amazwe, ngakumbi kwiindima zobugcisa, kubethelela ukruthakruthwano phakathi kweemfuno zoqoqosho kunye neemvakalelo zoluntu. Iimpembelelo zexesha elizayo
“Inqaba yokulawula” inokomeleza ulungelelwaniso kodwa ibe sengozini yokwahlukanisa abemi basemzini. “Yibhalansi ebuthathaka,” watsho uYuki Hashimoto (橋本優希, はしもとゆうき, ハシモトユウキ). Udumo lwelizwe jikelele lweJapan njengelizwe elikhuselekileyo, elibandakanyayo lixhomekeke kumsele, elineempembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho kukhenketho notyalo-mali. Impumelelo yeli phulo ixhomekeke kwimigaqo-nkqubo engafihliyo, engacaluliyo.Iinyani ezimnandi (15)
Ngo-2024, abemi baseJapan abangabemi bangaphandle babemalunga ne-3.2 yezigidi, okanye i-2.5% yetotali yabemi abazizigidi ezili-125.7, kwiSebe lezoBulungisa. Abemi baseTshayina benziwe i-30%, ilandelwa yiVietnam (15%), amaKorea (12%), amaPhilippines (10%), amaBrazilians (5%) kunye namaMelika (2%). Ngo-2020, amapolisa abamba abantu abayi-182,582 ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye ne-9,529 (5.2%) bengabemi bangaphandle, kubandakanywa nabahlali abasemthethweni abangama-5,634, banikezela nge-0.19% yokubanjwa kwabantu bamanye amazwe ngokuchasene ne-0.15-0.2% kubemi baseJapan. Umthetho weTsurugashima uFukushima Megumi uqaphele ukuba amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho angaphandle kwi-2024 ahlala ephantsi kunabemi baseJapan, nangona ukunyuka kwabemi bangaphandle kunye nabakhenkethi. The Ministry of Justice ingxelo 17,272 ukubanjwa kwabantu basemzini ngo-2011, phantsi ukusuka 34,756 ngo-2002, kunye 10,488 ezizodwa zolwaphulo-mthetho (umzekelo, ukwaphulwa visa) ngo-2002. Ukubanjwa ezinxulumene neziyobisi ngo-2006 kuquka 17.9% Brazilians kunye 14.2% Iranians 2.85% Izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho eJapan lilonke lehlile ukusuka kwi-2002 yezigidi ngo-915,042 ukuya kwi-2017 ngo-2013, kunye nokubulawa kwabantu emva kwemfazwe ephantsi ngo-0.3. Izinga lokubulala ngabom e-Japan yi-100,000 kwi-2013, ngokwedatha ye-UNODC yowama-XNUMX. I-Okinawa, ibamba i-74% yeziseko zomkhosi wase-US, yabona amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho angama-5,747 abandakanya abasebenzi base-US ukusuka kwi-1972-2011, kodwa izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho lwendawo (i-69.7 nge-10,000) yayingaphezu kwesibini sabasebenzi basemkhosini base-US (27.4 nge-10,000). Iinkqubo zokugxothwa ziphindwe kabini ukuya kwi-18,198 ngo-2023, kunye nokugxothwa kwe-8,024, ngokwe-Arhente yeeNkonzo zokuFudukela. Izinga lokugwetywa kweJapan emva kokumangalelwa lidlula i-99%, nabatshutshisi behlisa i-75% yamatyala phambi kokuxoxwa kwetyala. I-NPA inike ingxelo yokukhutshwa okwethutyana okungama-2,929 ekugxothweni ngo-2023 ngenxa yezizathu zobuntu. I-Nikkei yehla nge-37% (amanqaku angama-100,000) ngoJulayi 519, 2.7, phakathi koloyiko lwerhafu, kunye ne-Japan's $ 700 yezigidigidi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kubandakanywa ne-$ 9 yezigidigidi kwiimoto. Amaxabiso (15)
Okuhle (5):
eziluncedo:
Isibhengezo seNkulumbuso uShigeru Ishiba ngomhla we-8 kaJulayi 2025, sokuseka “inqaba yokulawula” ngaphakathi kweOfisi kaNobhala weKhabhinethi ukuze kulungiswe ulwaphulo-mthetho obenziwa ngabemi bamazwe angaphandle kubangele ingxoxo eshushu, ebonisa ulungelelwaniso oluntsonkothileyo lwaseJapan phakathi kweemfuno zoqoqosho, iimvakalelo zoluntu, kunye noxinzelelo lwehlabathi. Imiselwe ukusungulwa kwiveki elandelayo, eli nyathelo lijolise ekulungelelaniseni iinzame kuwo wonke amasebe ukujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-visa, ubuqhetseba, kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko loluntu, kunye no-Ishiba egxininisa "uluntu olucwangcisiweyo nolubandakanyayo." Nangona kunjalo, intshukumo, ibekwe ixesha phambi konyulo lwe-20 kaJulayi ye-Upper House, iphendula kwiintetho zokugxeka abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kumaqela amancinci afana noSanseito, abathi abantu bangaphandle basongela inkcubeko kunye noqoqosho lwaseJapan. Abagxeki bathi eli nyathelo alinasiseko sobungqina, njengoko amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho angaphandle (i-0.19% yezinga lokubanjwa) athelekiseka okanye angaphantsi kunalawo abemi baseJapan (0.15-0.2%). Abemi bamazwe angaphandle abazizigidi ezi-3.2 baseJapan, ababandakanya i-2.5% yabemi, babalulekile ekujonganeni nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, kunye ne-40% yabaqeqeshwa bobugcisa bezalisa iindima ezibalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukungazinzi koluntu, okubangelwa ngamatyala aphezulu afana nolwaphulo-mthetho lomkhosi wase-US e-Okinawa (iimeko ze-5,747 ezivela kwi-1972-2011) kunye nemisebenzi ye-tokuryū, ikhulise iifowuni zemilinganiselo engqongqo. Unobhala oMkhulu weKhabhinethi uYoshimasa Hayashi ubalule inkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezentlalontle, kodwa abagxeki abafana noNoriko Hayashi bayalumkisa, "Oku kuyingozi ekujoliseni abantu basemzini ngokungalunganga." Imithombo yeendaba zentlalo ibonisa iimbono ezicalu-calula, abanye abasebenzisi be-X bencoma eli nyathelo "njengeendaba ezimnandi" ngelixa abanye belibiza ngokuba "lucalucalulo." “Inqaba yolawulo” ilungelelaniswa neenzame ezibanzi ze-NPA, kubandakanywa ukujikeleza ngekhompyutha kunye neqela elisebenzayo le-tokuryū, kodwa imingcipheko yokwandisa inkqubo “yobulungisa yokubamba” yaseJapan, egxekwa ngokubanjelwa ixesha elide kunye nezivumo zovumo ngenkani. I-UN kunye namaqela amalungelo oluntu aye abonakalisa ukuchasana kwenkqubo, kunye nabangaphandle abajongene nokuhlolwa okuphezulu kunye nobungozi bokuxoshwa (iinkqubo ze-18,198 kwi-2023). Ingcaphephe yezomthetho uHaruto Mori ulumkise ngelithi, "Inqaba yolawulo inokuwenza mandundu umkhethe ukuba awulawulwa ngononophelo." Uxinzelelo lwehlabathi, kubandakanya i-25% yesoyikiso yerhafu kaTrump eJapan, yongeza ubunzima. I-127.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-Japan kwii-US ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kuquka i-51 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiimoto, zijongene nokuphazamiseka, kunye ne-Nikkei yehla nge-2.7% ngoJulayi 9. Urhwebo lwaseJapan kunye nezizwe ze-BRICS ezifana ne-China (i-153 yeebhiliyoni zeedola) zibophelela imigaqo-nkqubo yayo yangaphakathi kumandla ehlabathi. “Inqaba yolawulo ibonisa uxinzelelo lwasekhaya, kodwa imiceli mngeni yehlabathi yongeza ubunzima,” utshilo uRyosei Akazawa. Iziganeko zembali, ezifana “neNtshukumo yeWindows entle” ka-Adachi Ward, ibonisa uthintelo olusebenzayo lolwaphulo-mthetho ngothethathethwano noluntu, inciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho nge-11% ukususela ngo-2008. Ukanti, imbali yaseJapan yocalucalulo, kuquka nemiqondiso “YaseJapan Kuphela”, iphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nefuthe leli phulo. Ulonyulo lweNdlu ePhakamileyo luye lwandisa iintetho zokugxeka abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, kunye no-Sanseito ka-Sohei Kamiya othi abantu bangaphandle bandisa intlupheko, bengayinaki ingxaki yaseJapan. “Le ngxelo ayinasihlahla,” utshilo uTakashi Endo. “Inqaba yokulawula” inokulungelelanisa iimpendulo kodwa imingcipheko ibahlukanise nabemi bamanye amazwe, yonakalise umfanekiso wehlabathi waseJapan. “Yimali ethambileyo,” utshilo uYuki Hashimoto. Ekuhleni, imigaqo-nkqubo eqhutywa lulwazi ibalulekile ukunqanda ucalucalulo kunye nokugcina isidima saseJapan njengelizwe elikhuselekileyo, elibandakanyayo. Impumelelo yeli nyathelo ixhomekeke ekulungelelaniseni ukhuseleko kunye nokubandakanywa, ukuhamba ngoxinzelelo lonyulo, kunye nokujongana nemingeni yorhwebo lwehlabathi, kunye nefuthe kwikamva loqoqosho kunye nozakuzo lwaseJapan.Unikezelo (10 Imithombo)
Isibhengezo seNkulumbuso uShigeru Ishiba sikaJulayi 8 sokuseka “inqaba yokulawula” ngaphakathi kwiKhabhinethi kaNobhala ukujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ngabemi bamazwe angaphandle kuphawula utshintsho olubalulekileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo phambi konyulo lwe-20 kaJulayi 2025, kwiNdlu ePhezulu. Ethetha kwintlanganiso yekhabhinethi, u-Ishiba uthe, "Siza kukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo eyohlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kunye nenqaba yolawulo ukuze sifezekise uluntu olucwangcisiweyo nolubandakanyayo kunye nabahlali bangaphandle." Eli nyathelo lijolise ekunxibelelaniseni iinzame kuwo wonke amasebe, aquka ezoBulungisa, ezoMfuduko, kunye ne-Arhente yeSizwe yamaPolisa (i-NPA), ukujongana nemiba efana nokuhlala ixesha elide kwee-visa, ubuqhophololo, kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko loluntu.
IJapan ibamba malunga ne-3.2 yezigidi zabemi bamazwe angaphandle, i-2.5% ye-125.7 yezigidi zabemi ukusuka ngoDisemba 2024. Uninzi lusuka kumazwe ase-Asia, kunye namaTshayina (30%), ama-Vietnamese (15%), amaKorea (12%), kunye nabemi basePhilippines (10%) abakhokelayo, elandelwa ngabantu baseBrazil nabaseMelika. Phezu kwako nje ukubonwa kweembono, ulwaphulo-mthetho phakathi kwabantu basemzini luphantsi. Ngo-2020, amapolisa abambe abantu basemzini abayi-9,529 ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho kwi-182,582 yokubanjwa, kuphela i-0.19% yabemi bangaphandle ababanjiweyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-0.15-0.2% yabemi baseJapan. Umthetho wedolophu yaseTsurugashima uFukushima Megumi uqaphele ukuba amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho angaphandle kwi-2024 ahlala ephantsi kunabemi baseJapan, nangona ukunyuka kokufudukela kwamanye amazwe.
Ukungazithembi koluntu malunga nabahlali bamanye amazwe kubangelwa ngokuyinxenye kumajelo eendaba ekwandiswa kweziganeko ezizimeleyo, ezinje ngodubulo luka-2022 Abe kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-tokuryū oluqhutywa ngamajelo eendaba. Abahlalutyi be-Intanethi bathi "inqaba yokulawula" ayinakuthetheleleka, omnye umsebenzisi weReddit esithi, "Inqanaba lolwaphulo-mthetho lwabemi bangaphandle ukuba kukho nantoni na esezantsi kunenqanaba lolwaphulo-mthetho lwelizwe laseJapan." Abagxeki baqaqambisa imiba ecwangcisiweyo, njengokuxela ngokwebala, ngabahlali abathathu bexesha elide bafaka isimangalo ngo-2024 ngokuchasene namapolisa ngokumisa okungekho mgaqo-siseko ngokusekwe kwinkangeleko.
Ukunqongophala kwabemi baseJapan kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi kufuna abasebenzi bamanye amazwe, kunye ne-40% yabaqeqeshwa bobugcisa kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono abakhethekileyo abavala izikhewu kulwakhiwo, kwezolimo, kunye nokuvelisa. UHayashi ugxininise, "iJapan kufuneka isebenzise abasebenzi bamanye amazwe ukuze ikhule kwezoqoqosho." Nangona kunjalo, iingxabano malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwentlalontle kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho ngabasebenzi basemkhosini base-US e-Okinawa, kubandakanywa namatyala angama-5,747 ukusuka kwi-1972-2011, ibangela ukungathembeki koluntu. Amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho e-Okinawa, ngama-69.7 kwi-10,000, adlula kude lawo omkhosi wase-US (27.4 nge-10,000).
"Inqaba yokulawula" iya kubeka kumbindi iinzame zokujongana nokuphulwa kwe-visa, ubuqhetseba, kunye nemiba yokhuseleko loluntu, ukulungelelanisa ne-NPA, i-Arhente yeeNkonzo zokuNgena, kunye noMphathiswa wezoBulungisa. U-Ishiba unike abaphathiswa umsebenzi ngamanyathelo afana nokujikeleza okuphuculweyo kwe-cyber kunye nonyanzeliso olungqongqo lwe-visa. Amanyathelo amva nje e-NPA, aquka ibutho le-tokuryū kunye neepatroli ze-intanethi zasemva kwe-Abe, zibonisa ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqhutywa kumajelo asekuhlaleni.
Inkqubo yobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho yaseJapan, eyaziwa ngokuba “lubulungisa obubanjwayo,” ijongene nokugxekwa ngokuvalelwa ixesha elide kunye nokuvuma izono ngenkani, ngakumbi okuchaphazela abantu basemzini. IKomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo echasene noTshutshiso ngo-2013 yaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokuvuma izono ezifunyenwe ngaphandle kwamagqwetha, kwaye ityala likaCarlos Ghosn lagxininisa izenzo zokuvalelwa ngokungafanelekanga. Abaphambukeli bajongana nokujongwa okuphezulu, bengenabheyile phambi kokumangalelwa kunye nomngcipheko wokugxothwa ngenxa yamatyala amancinci. Ngo-2023, iinkqubo zokugxothwa ziphindwe kabini ukuya kwi-18,198, kunye ne-8,024 yokugxothwa.
Isibhengezo “solawulo lwenqaba” singqamana noxinzelelo lwezorhwebo lwehlabathi, njengoko izoyikiso zerhafu zikaTrump, kubandakanywa nerhafu yama-25% eJapan, ixhomile. Iqela lomsebenzi lika-Ishiba likwajongana nezi ntlawulo, ezinokunyusa amaxabiso eemoto zase-US nge-$2,000-$3,000 kwaye ibize amakhaya i-$1,200 ngonyaka. Urhwebo lwaseJapan namazwe eBRICS afana neTshayina (i-153 leebhiliyoni zeerandi) lwenza nzima impendulo yalo. "Inqaba yokulawula ibonisa uxinzelelo lwasekhaya, kodwa imiceli mngeni yehlabathi yongeza ubunzima," utshilo u-Ryosei Akazawa (赤澤亮正, あ か ざ わ り ょ う せ い, ア カ ザ ワ リ ョ イ セ).
Izithuba kwi-X zibalaselisa iimbono ezicazululiweyo. Omnye umsebenzisi ulincome eli phulo ngokuthi “ziindaba ezimnandi” zokujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho lwamazwe angaphandle, ngelixa abanye beligxeka “njengentiyo eqhutywa lunyulo.” Iingxoxo zeReddit ziphawule ukuba amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho angaphandle asezantsi ngokwezibalo, omnye umsebenzisi esithi, “Olu lucalucalulo nje olungenambaliso.” Ingxelo yabaphambukeli njengezoyikiso iyaphikisana nemfuno yaseJapan yabasebenzi, idala ingxaki yomgaqo-nkqubo.
Uthintelo lolwaphulo-mthetho lwase-Japan luye lwavela, ngamanyathelo afana ne-Adachi Ward “Intshukumo Entle yeeWindows” ehlisa ulwaphulo-mthetho nge-11% ukususela ngo-2008 ngobuhlakani boluntu kunye nemithetho-siseko ye-CPTED. Nangona kunjalo, ucalucalulo lwembali ngokuchasene nabantu baseKorea kunye nabanye abancinci lusaqhubeka, kunye neempawu "zaseJapan kuphela" ezichazwe kwezinye iindawo. I-yakuza, eyayikhe yagqugqisa ngamalungu angama-88,000 1990 ngowe-XNUMX, iye yala kodwa isagxininisekile, ngokungafaniyo nabemi basemzini.
Unyulo lwe-Upper House luye lwandisa intetho echasene nabangaphandle, kunye no-Sanseito's Sohei Kamiya othi abantu bangaphandle bandisa ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi. “Eli bali aliyihoyi intlekele yaseJapan,” yatsho inkokeli yoshishino uTakashi Endo (遠藤隆, えんどうたかし, エンドウタカシ). Ukuthembela kweJapan kubasebenzi bamanye amazwe, ngakumbi kwiindima zobugcisa, kubethelela ukruthakruthwano phakathi kweemfuno zoqoqosho kunye neemvakalelo zoluntu.
“Inqaba yokulawula” inokomeleza ulungelelwaniso kodwa ibe sengozini yokwahlukanisa abemi basemzini. “Yibhalansi ebuthathaka,” watsho uYuki Hashimoto (橋本優希, はしもとゆうき, ハシモトユウキ). Udumo lwelizwe jikelele lweJapan njengelizwe elikhuselekileyo, elibandakanyayo lixhomekeke kumsele, elineempembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho kukhenketho notyalo-mali. Impumelelo yeli phulo ixhomekeke kwimigaqo-nkqubo engafihliyo, engacaluliyo.Iinyani ezimnandi (15)
- Abemi bangaphandle baseJapan bafikelele kwi-3.2 yezigidi ngo-2024.
- Abemi baseTshayina benza i-30% yabemi bangaphandle baseJapan.
- Izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho eJapan lehle ukusuka kwi-2.85 yezigidi ngo-2002 ukuya kuma-915,042 ngo-2017.
- Izinga lokubulala ngabom eJapan li-0.3 kwi-100,000 nganye.
- Abemi baseVietnam bathatha iTshayina kulwaphulo-mthetho lwangaphandle ngo-2015.
- IYakuza yaseJapan yayinamalungu angama-88,000 1990 ngowe-XNUMX, ngoku embalwa kakhulu.
- I-Okinawa ibamba i-74% yeziseko zomkhosi wase-US eJapan.
- Abaphambukeli benza ulwaphulo-mthetho kwi-0.19% yezinga, ngokufanayo nabemi baseJapan (0.15-0.2%).
- I-“Beautiful Windows Movement” kwiWadi yase-Adachi yehlise ulwaphulo-mthetho nge-11% ukususela ngo-2008.
- Iinkqubo zokugxothwa kweJapan ziphindwe kabini ukuya kwi-18,198 ngo-2023.
- Isivumelwano sokhuseleko sase-US-Japan satyikitywa ngo-1951.
- I-Nikkei yaseJapan yehle nge-2.7% ngoJulayi 9 ngenxa yoloyiko lwamaxabiso.
- I-NPA yasungula iqela le-tokuryū ngoMeyi ka-2025.
- Izinga lokugwetywa kweJapan emva kokumangalelwa lingaphezulu kwama-99%.
- IQumrhu lesiBheno le-WTO likhubazekile ukusukela ngo-2019 zizenzo zase-US.
Ngo-2024, abemi baseJapan abangabemi bangaphandle babemalunga ne-3.2 yezigidi, okanye i-2.5% yetotali yabemi abazizigidi ezili-125.7, kwiSebe lezoBulungisa. Abemi baseTshayina benziwe i-30%, ilandelwa yiVietnam (15%), amaKorea (12%), amaPhilippines (10%), amaBrazilians (5%) kunye namaMelika (2%). Ngo-2020, amapolisa abamba abantu abayi-182,582 ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye ne-9,529 (5.2%) bengabemi bangaphandle, kubandakanywa nabahlali abasemthethweni abangama-5,634, banikezela nge-0.19% yokubanjwa kwabantu bamanye amazwe ngokuchasene ne-0.15-0.2% kubemi baseJapan. Umthetho weTsurugashima uFukushima Megumi uqaphele ukuba amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho angaphandle kwi-2024 ahlala ephantsi kunabemi baseJapan, nangona ukunyuka kwabemi bangaphandle kunye nabakhenkethi.
Okuhle (5):
- "Inqaba yokulawula iya kuphucula ukhuseleko loluntu ngelixa isamkela abantu basemzini." – Shigeru Ishiba (石場茂, いしばしげる, イシバシゲル), iNkulumbuso.
- "Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukudityaniswa ngocwangco kwabasebenzi bamanye amazwe." – Akihiro Sato (佐藤明宏, さとうあきひろ, サトウアキヒロ), uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo.
- "Imigaqo-nkqubo elungelelanisiweyo iya kunceda uqoqosho lwaseJapan." – Hiroshi Tanaka (田中浩, たなかひろし, タナカヒロシ), iGosa loRhwebo.
- "Inqaba yokulawula ilinganisa ukhuseleko kunye nokubandakanywa." – Kaori Suzuki (鈴木香織, すずきかおり, スズキカオリ), Umhlalutyi.
- "Oku komeleza amandla ethu okujongana nemiba enzima." – Taro Ito (伊藤太郎, いとうたろう, イトウタロウ), uMcebisi wePolisi.
- "Oku kubeka emngciphekweni ukujolisa abantu basemzini ngokungalunganga." – Noriko Hayashi (林典子, はやしのりこ, ハヤシノリコ), Economist.
- "Inqaba yokulawula ibangela ukuba abantu basemzini." – Emi Takahashi (高橋絵美, たかはしえみ, タカハシエミ), iNkokeli yoLuntu.
- "Licebo lezopolitiko leevoti." – Yumi Nakamura (中村由美, なかむらゆみ, ナカムラユミ), Umhlalutyi.
- "Abasemzini sele bejongwe ngokwaneleyo." – Kenji Yamada (山田健司, やまだけんじ, ヤマダケンジ), uMlawuli we-NGO.
- "Oku kungonakalisa umfanekiso wehlabathi waseJapan." – Masao Fujimoto (藤本正雄, ふじもとまさお, フジモトマサオ), uNjingalwazi.
- "Impembelelo yenqaba yokulawula ixhomekeke ekuphunyezweni." – Ryosei Akazawa (赤澤亮正, あかざわりょうせい, アカザワリョウセイ), Umthethisi.
- "Sifuna imigaqo-nkqubo eqhutywa yidatha, hayi intetho." – Yuki Hashimoto (橋本優希, はしもとゆうき, ハシモトユウキ), Umphandi.
- "Yimpendulo kwiinkxalabo zoluntu." – UHaruto Mori (森春人, もりはると, モリハルト), iNgcali yezoMthetho.
- "Ukulinganisela ukhuseleko kunye nokubandakanywa kubalulekile." – Sayuri Kato (加藤さゆり, かとうさゆり, カトウサユリ), Umhlalutyi.
- "Eli nyathelo lifuna izikhokelo ezicacileyo." – Takashi Endo (遠藤隆, えんどうたかし, エンドウタカシ), iNkokeli yoShishino.
- IJapan iya kusungula "inqaba yokulawula" ukujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho lwabemi bangaphandle.
- Ibhengezwe nguIshiba nge-8 kaJulayi, 2025, phambi konyulo lweNdlu ePhezulu.
- Abemi bamazwe angaphandle babala i-3.2 yezigidi, i-2.5% yabemi baseJapan.
- Izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho lwangaphandle (0.19%) luthelekiswa namazinga aseJapan (0.15-0.2%).
- Eli nyathelo liphendula ekunganeliseki koluntu kunye neentetho zokuchasa abantu basemzini.
- IJapan ixhomekeke kubasebenzi bamanye amazwe ukuze kukhule uqoqosho.
- I-Nikkei yehla nge-2.7% ngoJulayi 9 phakathi koloyiko lwerhafu.
- Ulwaphulo-mthetho lomkhosi wase-US e-Okinawa lubangela ukungathembi uluntu.
- Inkqubo “yobulungisa bokuthinjwa” ibeka emngciphekweni impatho engafanelekanga yabantu basemzini.
- Ubudlelwane borhwebo beBRICS benza nzima ukuphendula iJapan kumaxabiso.
- January 2024: I-Arhente yeeNkonzo zokuFudukela ibika i-3.2 yezigidi zabemi bangaphandle, kunye neTshayina kunye neVietnam ehamba phambili.
- Matshi 2024: Abahlali abathathu bexesha elide bamangalela amapolisa ngokuchaza iprofayili ngobuhlanga, betyhola ngokuyeka ngokungekho mthethweni.
- Ngamana 22, 2025: I-NPA isungula iqela elisebenzayo le-tokuryū ukujolisa amaqela olwaphulo-mthetho aqhutywa ngamajelo eendaba ezentlalo.
- Ngamana 27, 2025: IJapan iphumeze i-6.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zokuvuselela ukulwa neempembelelo zomrhumo wase-US.
- Juni 2025: U-Sanseito's Sohei Kamiya uthi abantu basemzini bandisa intlupheko yaseJapan, baqhubela phambili intetho yonyulo.
- Julayi 2, 2025: I-Trump isoyikisa i-35% yeerhafu kwi-Japan kwiingxabano zerayisi.
- Julayi 6-7, 2025: Ingqungquthela yeBRICS eRio igxeka iirhafu zase-US; Amakhonkco orhwebo eJapan neTshayina (i-153 lamawaka ezigidi zeerandi) aphawulwe.
- Julayi 8, 2025: U-Ishiba ubhengeza "inqaba yokulawula" ukujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho lwabahlali bangaphandle, olusebenzayo kwiveki ezayo; UNikkei wehla nge-2.7%.
- Julayi 8, 2025: UHayashi ukhankanya ukungazinzi koluntu ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwangaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwentlalontle kwinkomfa yabezindaba.
- Julayi 9, 2025: Iingxoxo zemidiya yoluntu ziyaqina, kunye nezithuba ze-X ezincoma kwaye zigxeka inyathelo.
- Julayi 10, 2025: I-NPA yomeleza iipatroli ze-cyber emva kokudubula kwe-Abe, ihambelana neenjongo zenqaba yokulawula. Lo mgca wexesha ubonisa ukudibanisa kweenguqu zomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya, uxinzelelo lonyulo, kunye noxinzelelo lwezorhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele, kunye "nenqaba yokulawula" njengendawo yokugxila.
eziluncedo:
- Ukwandisa ulungelelwaniso kuwo onke amasebe okhuseleko loluntu.
- Ukujongana neenkxalabo zoluntu malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwentlalo-ntle.
- Ixhasa ukukhula koqoqosho lwaseJapan ngokulawula imisebenzi yangaphandle.
- Inokuphucula izicwangciso-qhinga zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho eziqhutywa lulwazi.
- Imingcipheko ephembelela intiyo yabemi bamanye amazwe kunye nocalucalulo.
- Iswele isiseko sobungqina, xa kujongwa amazinga aphantsi olwaphulo-mthetho lwangaphandle.
- Ingacinezela isidima seJapan kwihlabathi liphela.
- Inokwandisa "ubulungisa bokuthinjwa" ngokuchasene nabasemzini.
- Shigeru Ishiba (石場茂, いしばしげる, イシバシゲル): Inkulumbuso, ibhengeze inqaba yokulawula.
- Yoshimasa Hayashi (林芳正, はやしよしまさ, ハヤシヨシマサ): Unobhala oyiNtloko weKhabhinethi, ethethelela eli phulo.
- Ryosei Akazawa (赤澤亮正, あかざわりょうせい, アカザワリョウセイ): Umthethi-thethwano ngorhwebo, unxulumanisa amaxabiso kumgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya.
- Sohei Kamiya: Inkokeli yeSanseito, ityhala i-rhetoric echasene nabangaphandle.
- Fukushima Megumi: Ilungu lezomthetho laseTsurugashima, libonisa izinga eliphantsi lolwaphulo-mthetho lwangaphandle.
Isibhengezo seNkulumbuso uShigeru Ishiba ngomhla we-8 kaJulayi 2025, sokuseka “inqaba yokulawula” ngaphakathi kweOfisi kaNobhala weKhabhinethi ukuze kulungiswe ulwaphulo-mthetho obenziwa ngabemi bamazwe angaphandle kubangele ingxoxo eshushu, ebonisa ulungelelwaniso oluntsonkothileyo lwaseJapan phakathi kweemfuno zoqoqosho, iimvakalelo zoluntu, kunye noxinzelelo lwehlabathi. Imiselwe ukusungulwa kwiveki elandelayo, eli nyathelo lijolise ekulungelelaniseni iinzame kuwo wonke amasebe ukujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-visa, ubuqhetseba, kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko loluntu, kunye no-Ishiba egxininisa "uluntu olucwangcisiweyo nolubandakanyayo." Nangona kunjalo, intshukumo, ibekwe ixesha phambi konyulo lwe-20 kaJulayi ye-Upper House, iphendula kwiintetho zokugxeka abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kumaqela amancinci afana noSanseito, abathi abantu bangaphandle basongela inkcubeko kunye noqoqosho lwaseJapan. Abagxeki bathi eli nyathelo alinasiseko sobungqina, njengoko amazinga olwaphulo-mthetho angaphandle (i-0.19% yezinga lokubanjwa) athelekiseka okanye angaphantsi kunalawo abemi baseJapan (0.15-0.2%).
- Amaxesha eJapan: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/07/08/japan/crime-legal/control-tower-foreign-crimes
- EJapan Namhlanje: https://japantoday.com/category/politics/japan-to-set-up-team-to-address-issues-over-foreign-residents
- IJapan engabonakaliyo: https://unseen-japan.com/foreigners-crime-japan-statistics
- ICandelo lamaLungelo oluNtu: https://www.hrw.org/report/2023/05/25/japans-hostage-justice-system
- Isebe likarhulumente lase-US: https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/japan
- Travel.gc.ca: https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/japan/criminal-law-system
- I-PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7762908
- Amaxesha eJapan: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/07/10/japan/crime-legal/police-lone-wolf-attacks
- Amaxesha eJapan: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/06/28/japan/deportations-immigration-violations
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Japan
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